Vaginal Cancer
Overview
阴道癌是一种罕见的疾病,占所有病例的不到3% 妇科癌症. 阴道癌有四种不同类型,包括:
- 鳞状细胞癌. 最常见的类型,通常发生在阴道的上部. 它通常影响50至70岁的女性.
- Adenocarcinoma. 第二种最常见的类型. 它通常影响12至30岁的女性, 尽管它偶尔会发生在所有年龄段的女性身上.
- 恶性黑色素瘤肉瘤. 这种病非常罕见.
重要的是要知道,即使你做了子宫切除术, 你仍然有可能患上阴道癌.
Risk factors
与许多癌症一样,阴道癌的确切病因尚不清楚. 然而,一些因素可能会增加女性患这种疾病的风险,包括:
- Smoking
- Age — women over the age of 50 are most commonly affected by squamous cell vaginal cancer
- History of 子宫颈癌
- 切除了子宫的
- 由人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)引起的生殖器疣病史
- 骨盆部位接受过放射治疗
In addition, research has shown that young women whose mothers took a drug known as diethylstilbestrol (DES) are at a higher risk for developing the disease. The drug DES was given to pregnant women between 1945 and 1970 to prevent them from having miscarriages.
我们治疗阴道癌的方法
UCSF提供创新, 为阴道癌患者提供支持性的关怀. 我们的团队包括妇科肿瘤学家, 妇科肿瘤外科十大赌博平台排行榜, 放射肿瘤学家和在生殖癌症方面受过特殊训练的护士. We also work with plastic surgeons for patients who need reconstructive surgery once the cancerous tissue is removed.
我们相信教育是治愈过程的重要组成部分. Our team works with each patient to help her understand her condition and all her treatment options, 这样我们才能一起决定最好的行动方案.
Awards & recognition
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是全国顶尖的十大赌博平台排行榜之一
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北加州最好的,排名第一. 全国癌症治疗排名第七
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指定综合癌症中心
Signs & symptoms
In some cases, vaginal cancer may not cause any symptoms and is detected by an abnormal Pap smear. 然而,这种情况的一些常见症状包括:
- 与经期无关的出血或分泌物
- 排尿困难或疼痛
- 性交时疼痛或骨盆疼痛
Diagnosis
If you are experiencing any symptoms of vaginal cancer or other problems related to your vagina, 你应该立即去看十大赌博平台排行榜,得到明确的诊断.
你的十大赌博平台排行榜会首先询问你可能遇到的任何症状, 同时检查你的病史并进行彻底的身体检查. 要确定症状的原因,可以执行以下测试:
- Pelvic exam. 这个检查包括摸子宫, vagina, ovaries, 输卵管, 检查膀胱和直肠的形状和大小是否有异常.
- Pap smear. 作为骨盆检查的一部分,你的十大赌博平台排行榜可能会做一个 Pap smear. He or she will gently scrape the outside of the cervix and vagina with a small spatula and brush in order to pick up cells, 然后可以分析任何异常. 可能会感到一些压力,但通常不会感到疼痛.
- Coloscopy. If any abnormal cells are found during your Pap smear, your doctor may recommend a coloscopy. 在这次考试中, 你的十大赌博平台排行榜会用阴道镜, 哪一个是小显微镜, 更详细地看你的阴道. This is an outpatient procedure that takes about 10 to 15 minutes and is usually not painful, 虽然可能会有点不舒服.
- Biopsy. If any abnormal cells are found during your Pap smear, your doctor will then need to conduct a biopsy. 在这个过程中, a small sample of tissue is removed from the vagina and then examined under a microscope for any cancer cells.
- 计算机断层扫描(CT). This imaging test 拍摄一系列身体内部区域的详细照片. 这些图片是由一台与x光机相连的计算机生成的. A special dye may be injected into a vein or swallowed to help the organs or tissues show up more clearly.
- 磁共振成像(MRI). 这是无痛的, non-invasive procedure that uses powerful magnets and radio waves to construct pictures of the body. Any imaging plane, or "slice," can be projected, stored in a computer or printed on film. MRI 能轻易地穿透衣服和骨头吗.
Treatments
Treatment for vaginal cancer typically involves surgery, radiation therapy and possibly chemotherapy. With surgery, some patients may need skin grafts and plastic surgery to make an artificial vagina. 有些病人可能需要一种以上的联合治疗.
在UCSF医疗中心, a team of cancer specialists and plastic surgeons work together to design the most effective treatment plan for your condition.
Surgery
手术是所有阶段阴道癌最常见的治疗方法. 十大赌博平台排行榜可以使用以下方法之一切除肿瘤:
- Laser surgery. 一束狭窄的光被用来杀死癌细胞. It may be used for the very earliest stages of when the cancer has been confined to the place of its origin, 这也被称为原位癌.
- 局部广泛切除. 一种切除癌细胞及其周围组织的手术. 病人可能需要从身体的另一部分取皮肤, or grafted, 在切除肿瘤后修复阴道.
- Vaginectomy. 在某些情况下,可能会建议切除阴道的手术. 当癌细胞扩散到阴道外时, 阴道切除术可以联合手术切除子宫, 卵巢和输卵管. 这叫做自由基 hysterectomy. 在这些手术中,骨盆的淋巴结也可能被切除.
- Exenteration. 如果癌症已经扩散到阴道和其他女性器官之外, 十大赌博平台排行榜可能会切除下结肠, rectum or bladder — depending on where the cancer has spread — along with the cervix, 子宫和阴道.
放射治疗
放射治疗 uses X-rays or other high-energy rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation may come from a machine outside the body, called external beam radiation therapy. 另一种形式的放射治疗, 称为内辐射, 通过放置产生辐射的材料来工作, 被称为放射性同位素, 通过细塑料管进入发现癌细胞的区域.
放疗可以单独使用,也可以与化疗联合使用,也可以在手术后使用.
Chemotherapy
化疗使用药物杀死癌细胞. Chemotherapy may be taken by pill, or it may be put into the body by a needle in a vein. Chemotherapy is called a systemic treatment because the drugs enter the bloodstream, 在体内传播,可以杀死阴道外的癌细胞.
化疗可以与放射治疗联合使用,也可以单独使用.
加州大学旧金山分校健康医学专家已经审查了这些信息. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.
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支持服务
Meditation & 癌症患者的引导图像
Drop in for a free class designed to help you heal, relax and find balance during your treatment. 十大赌博靠谱网络平台加州大学旧金山分校和非加州大学旧金山分校的患者.